FIO

FIO Protocol is built around FIO Chain, a purpose-built Layer 1 that uses Delegated Proof-of-Stake consensus to map human-readable FIO Handles such as name@domain, themselves NFTs, to public keys on any chain, with the mapping and metadata stored on-chain so assets on any blockchain reuse one identifier, alongside FIO Request for encrypted payment requests, FIO Data for transaction metadata and NFT Signature for on-chain attestation. It targets transfer errors and missing invoices caused by address strings: once a wallet integrates the protocol, users send and receive assets using handles, with requests and metadata end-to-end encrypted and readable only by sender and receiver. FIO Chain produces a block every 0.5 seconds, and end users interact gas-free through bundled transactions.

Among naming solutions, FIO differs from ENS by running its own chain and shipping SDKs to wallets, exchanges and payment processors, with a TPID mechanism that shares transaction fees with integrators; Edge, Trustee and WhiteBIT are among the integrated platforms. Under DPoS, block production rests with 21 active Block Producers plus 21 standbys, concentrating production and governance votes among delegated nodes.